SSRI stands for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor.
SSRIs are a class of medications primarily used as antidepressants. They are one of the most commonly prescribed types of antidepressants because they tend to be effective and have a better side effect profile than older antidepressants.
How they work: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps regulate mood, sleep, appetite, and other functions. SSRIs block the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin into the nerve cell that released it. This leaves more serotonin available in the space between nerve cells, which over time (usually 2 to 6 weeks) can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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They are called “selective” because they mainly affect serotonin and have less impact on other neurotransmitters like norepinephrine or dopamine.
Common SSRIs include:
• Fluoxetine (Prozac) – used for depression, OCD, bulimia, panic disorder
• Sertraline (Zoloft) – used for depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD
• Escitalopram (Lexapro) – used for depression, generalized anxiety
• Citalopram (Celexa) – used for depression
• Paroxetine (Paxil) – used for depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD
• Fluvoxamine (Luvox) – used for OCD, social anxiety
Common conditions treated: major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sometimes other issues like premenstrual dysphoric disorder or premature ejaculation.
Common side effects: nausea, diarrhea, sexual problems (lower libido or difficulty reaching orgasm), insomnia or drowsiness, weight changes, dry mouth, sweating, and initial jitteriness or increased anxiety. Most side effects get better after the first few weeks.
SSRIs are generally not addictive, but stopping them suddenly can cause discontinuation syndrome (flu-like symptoms, dizziness, irritability). It is best to taper the dose slowly under a doctor’s guidance.
They carry a black-box warning about increased risk of suicidal thoughts in children, adolescents, and young adults, especially when first starting treatment.
Always take them under medical supervision because they can interact with other medications. If you are considering starting one, experiencing side effects, or thinking about stopping, talk to your doctor or psychiatrist for advice tailored to you. They help many people but are not a one-size-fits-all solution.
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